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1.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 76(3): 265-271, dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-845625

RESUMO

Introducción: Las enfermedades de origen otorrinolaringológico (ORL) tienen una elevada prevalencia en atención primaria de salud, sin embargo, la información epidemiológica en pacientes hospitalizados es bastante escasa. Objetivo: Obtener características demográficas y prevalencia de enfermedades en los pacientes hospitalizados del Servicio de ORL del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCh). Material y método: Estudio de tipo descriptivo y retrospectivo, llevado a cabo en el Servicio de ORL del HCUCh, donde se revisaron los registros electrónicos, existentes de grupos relacionados a diagnóstico (GRD) de egresos, entre los años 2007 y 2014. Resultados: Se incluyeron 7.353 egresos, con un promedio de edad de los pacientes de 28,24 años. La causa de hospitalización más frecuente fue la patología de faringe. Del total de los egresos 87,88% presentaron una intervención quirúrgica donde la amigdalectomía con adenoidectomía alcanzó el 15,7% de las cirugías realizadas. Conclusión: Este estudio nos entrega información epidemiológica sobre los pacientes hospitalizados en un servicio de ORL de un hospital de referencia a nivel nacional.


Introduction: Diseases ofotolaryngology (ENT) origin have a high prevalence in primary health care, however, the epidemiological information on hospitalized patients is almost null. Aim: To obtain demographic and disease prevalence information in hospitalized patients of the ENT Department at the Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCh). Material and method: A descriptive and retrospective study, was carried out at the ENT department of the HCUCh, reviewing existing records of diagnostic related groups (GRD) for discharges between 2007 and 2014. Results: We review a total of 7353 discharges, with an average age of patients of 28.24 years. The most frequent cause of hospitalization was pharynx pathology. An 87.88% of discharges had surgery performed, where tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy reached 15,7% of the total. Conclusion: This study provides us with epidemiological information on patients hospitalized in an ENT department in a nationwide referral hospital.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Hospitalização , Otorrinolaringopatias/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Estudos Transversais , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados , Tempo de Internação , Otorrinolaringopatias/cirurgia , Alta do Paciente , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
2.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 24(2): 158-161, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-996043

RESUMO

External otitis (EO) is a skin infection of the external auditory canal (EAC). It's a frequent complaint to the otolaryngologist affecting 10% of the population at least once in their life time. EO is associated with an increased humidity of the EAC, local trauma and allergic skin conditions. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and signs such as earache and positive tragus sign. Infections EO are mostly bacterial infections caused by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, and in a lower percentage fungal infection by A. niger and C. albicans. Treatment of acute infectious EO is essentially local and should be active against most common agents. The aim of this review is to update the current reality of this common clinical entity in our environment. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Otite Externa/diagnóstico , Otite Externa/etiologia , Otite Externa/terapia , Infecções Bacterianas , Micoses
3.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 72(3): 243-248, dic. 2012. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-676832

RESUMO

Introducción: En el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, existe una instancia de revisión semanal de los casos que generan más discusión diagnóstica en patología de oído y del sistema vestibular, que denominamos Comité de Oído. Objetivos: En este trabajo se pretende describir las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes evaluados en este comité. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo retrospectivo donde se revisaron los registros del libro del Comité de Oído entre los años 2004 y 2011. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 1.081 diagnósticos realizados en el Comité de Oído. El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 39,9 años, siendo el 57% de sexo femenino. La patología de oído medio fue la más frecuente representando el 71%% del total de las consultas. El diagnóstico individual más frecuente fue la otitis media crónica colesteatomatosa en el 19,3% de los casos. Conclusión: Estos resultados nos permiten conocer las características de los pacientes con patologías de oído y sistema vestibular que generan más controversia en nuestro servicio.


Introduction: At the Otolaryngology Department of the Hospital Clinico de la Universidad de Chile, there is a committee of weekly meeting that reviews cases that generate the most controversy in ear and vestibular system pathology. Aim: This paper aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients evaluated at this committee. Material and method: We performed a retrospective study that reviewed the records of the ear committee between the years 2004 and 2011. Results: A total of 1081 diagnostics were made at the committee. The average age was 39.9 years, and 57% were female patients. Middle ear pathology was the most frequent, accounting for 71%% of all diagnostics. The most frequent individual diagnostic was cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media in 19.3(0)% of cases. Conclusion: These results allow us to know epidemiological characteristics of patients with ear and vestibular system diseases, and those cases that generate the most controversy in our service.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Otolaringologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Otopatias/epidemiologia , Departamentos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Vestibulares/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo
4.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 72(2): 169-174, ago. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-651902

RESUMO

Introducción: La epistaxis corresponde al motivo de consulta de urgencia más frecuente en otorrinolaringología. Su etiología es multifactorial, predominantemente de causa traumática. Una alternativa de manejo quirúrgico en los casos de epistaxis significativa es la cauterización o ligadura endoscópica de la arteria esfenopalatina (AEP). Objetivos: Este estudio pretende revisar la experiencia del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile en el manejo endoscópico de pacientes con epistaxis posterior. Material y método: Se revisaron los registros quirúrgicos del servicio entre los años 2007y 2011 considerando todos los pacientes que fueron tratados por epistaxis posterior mediante cirugía endoscópica nasal. Resultados: Se revisó un total de 23 casos. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 52±18 años. Sesenta por ciento presentaba el antecedente de hipertensión arterial en tratamiento. Se realizó ligadura con clips más electrocauterización de AEP en 52,1% de los casos, ligadura con clips de AEP en 26,2%%, y electrocauterización de AEP en 21,7%% de los casos. Discusión y conclusiones: El manejo endoscópico de las epistaxis posteriores es una técnica sencilla y reproducible, constituyendo una herramienta terapéutica segura y eficaz para estos pacientes.


Introduction: Epistaxis is by far the most common emergency complaint in otolaryngology. Its etiology is multifactorial, predominantly by traumatic causes. An alternative in surgical management of significant epistaxis cases, is the endoscopic cauterization or ligature of the sphenopalatine artery (SPA). Aim: This study aims to review the experience of the Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile in the endoscopic management of patients with posterior epistaxis. Material and methods: The surgical records have been reviewed between the years 2007and 2011, considering all patients who were treated for posterior epistaxis, by endoscopic nasal surgery. Results: A total of 23 cases were reviewed. The average age of patients was 52 ± 18 years. 60% of patients had a history of hypertension in treatment. Clip ligature with electrocauterization of the SPA was performed in 52.1% of cases, clip ligature of the SPA in 26.2%%, and isolated electrocauterization of the SPA in 21.7%% of cases. Discussion and conclusions: Endoscopic treatment of posterior epistaxis is a simple and reproducible technique, being a safe and effective therapeutic tool for these patients.


Assuntos
Humanos , Epistaxe/terapia , Endoscopia/métodos , Epistaxe/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 72(1): 75-78, abr. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-627563

RESUMO

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 39 años, de sexo femenino con antecedentes de rinitis alérgica y depresión en tratamiento, que consulta al servicio de urgencia por un episodio vertiginoso, el cual es tratado con tietilperazina endovenosa en forma exitosa. Posteriormente, como control, se realiza una tomografía computarizada de cerebro que evidencia gas a nivel selar, paraselar, hacia senos cavernosos y canales ópticos, lo cual se interpreta como una complicación atribuible a la punción venosa de urgencia. La paciente es manejada en forma conservadora manteniéndose siempre asintomática en los controles, con una resolución completa a la vez del cuadro vertiginoso. Este caso ejemplifica una complicación de difícil diagnóstico y potencialmente grave en el manejo de un paciente de urgencia mediante medicamentos endovenosos.


We describe the case of a 39 years old female patient, with history of allergic rhinitis and depression who came to the emergency room with a vertiginous episode, which was treated with intravenous thiethylperazine. Computed tomography of the brain showed evidence of sellar, parasellar, cavernous sinus and orbitary gas, with the interpretation of this being a complication from the emergency room intravenous treatment. The patient was managed by conservative means and remained asymptomatic in controls, with a complete resolution of the vertiginous episode as well. This case illustrates a difficult to diagnose and potentially serious complication, in the management of a patient with any intravenous drugs.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Embolia Aérea/diagnóstico por imagem , Injeções Intravenosas/efeitos adversos , Embolia Aérea/etiologia , Punções/efeitos adversos , Órbita/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Iatrogênica , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
6.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 71(3): 249-256, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-612128

RESUMO

El diagnóstico del colesteatoma de oído es eminentemente clínico y su estudio complementario con imágenes se realiza con tomografía computarizada de cortes finos. En casos seleccionados de colesteatomas es necesario realizar un estudio con resonancia magnética (RM), utilizando habitualmente las secuencias T1 con gadolinio y T2. Se ha reportado alta especificidad y sensibilidad diagnóstica para colesteatoma con técnicas de difusión (DWI) en RM. Estas técnicas pueden ser montadas sobre secuencias no echo planares y rápidas, como la secuencia HASTE (Half Fourier Single Shot Turbo-spin Echo), que permiten obtener imágenes sin artefactos de susceptibilidad magnética en la interface entre el hueso y lóbulo temporal. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de la literatura y cuatro casos clínicos evaluados en nuestro hospital en los que se utilizó la RM con secuencia DWI - HASTE. Se concluye que la RM con secuencia DWI - HASTE es una herramienta que permite tomar decisiones clínicas en un grupo seleccionado de pacientes con colesteatoma.


The diagnosis of ear cholesteatoma is done by clinical evaluation and its imaging study is performed mainly by computed tomography. In selected cases, it is necessary to consider a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of cholesteatoma, usually using gadolinium T1 and T2 sequences. It has been reported that MRI diffusion techniques (DWI) have high specificity and sensitivity results for the diagnostic of cholesteatoma. These techniques can be mounted on non-echo planar fast sequences, such as the HASTE sequence (Half Fourier Single-Shot Turbo Spin Echo), which allows the acquisition of images without any magnetic susceptibility artifacts at the interface between bone and the temporal lobe. This paper presents a literature review on the topic, and four clinical cases evaluated in our hospital, where MRI was used with DWI - HASTE sequence. We conclude that MRI with DWI - HASTE sequence is a useful tool for making clinical decisions in the assessment of a selected group of patients with cholesteatoma.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/diagnóstico , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Valor Preditivo dos Testes
7.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 71(3): 267-274, dic. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-612131

RESUMO

La rinosinusitis es una enfermedad frecuente, con una morbilidad considerable y una repercusión significativa sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Existe un conjunto de tratamientos tópicos complementarios en el manejo sintomático de la patología rinosinusal, dentro de los que se incluyen el uso de lavados nasales con diferentes soluciones. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar los resultados en la literatura, de los diferentes métodos de aplicación de medicamentos tópicos nasales por irrigación y las diferentes soluciones utilizadas. Existen múltiples técnicas para la irrigación nasal, desde jeringas a presión positiva, hasta instilación por gravedad. Las soluciones se pueden categorizar en salinas, antibióticas, antifúngicas y detergentes, todas con indicaciones y resultados variados. La irrigación nasal con soluciones, representa una muy buena alternativa de tratamiento adyuvante en patología rinosinusal, al mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes, siendo un método de bajo costo de implementación y seguro.


Rhino sinusitis disease is a common problem with considerable morbidity and a significant impact on patient's quality of life. There is number of adjuvant treatments to manage symptoms of sinus disease, which includes the use of nasal lavages with different solutions. The aim of this review was to evaluate the literature results of different methods of application and solutions used for nasal topical irrigation. There are many techniques for nasal irrigation, from syringes with positive pressure to gravity instillation. The solutions can be categorized into saline, antibiotic, antifungal and detergents, all with particular indications and multiple results. Nasal irrigation represents a good alternative of adjuvant therapy in rhino sinusitis, to improve our patient's quality of life with a low-cost and safe method.


Assuntos
Humanos , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Rinite/terapia , Sinusite/terapia , Soluções/administração & dosagem , Administração Tópica , Detergentes/administração & dosagem , Irrigação Terapêutica
8.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 22(4): 310-317, 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-647641

RESUMO

Introduction: The superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SSCD) is a pathology described in 1998, which presents several symptoms including sound induced vertigo, hearing loss and autophony due to bone dehiscence of this semicircular canal. Material and Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was carried out, reviewing the medical records of patients with computed tomography suggestive of SSCD between 2006 and 2010 from the Radiology department of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. Results: We obtained six cases of SSCD (4 female) with a mean age of 52.7 years. SSCD was observed in four cases bilaterally and in two cases on the left ear. We confirmed a clinical syndrome in two patients, based on the presence of hearing loss and sound induced vertigo. Conclusions: The diagnosis of SSCD syndrome should be supported on both clinical and imaging studies. We should maintain a high level of suspicion, particularly in cases of sound induced vertigo and of conductive hearing loss with normal otoscopy.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Labirinto/diagnóstico , Doenças do Labirinto/epidemiologia , Doenças do Labirinto/patologia , Orelha Interna/patologia , Vertigem/diagnóstico , Vertigem/epidemiologia , Otopatias
9.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 22(4): 318-324, 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-647642

RESUMO

Neuroprosthesis or brain-machine interfaces are electronic devices created to directly interact with the nervous system for replacing an absent or damaged sensory or motor function. Three types of auditory neuroprosthetics devices have been developed in Otolaryngology, (i) cochlear implants, (ii) brainstem auditory implants and (iii) auditory midbrain implants. These devices allow young deaf children to acquire oral language and to restore auditory function in deafened adults. On the other hand, a new vestibular prosthesis that could be useful for patients with severe disequilibrium has been developed. Main characteristics and clinical utility of these prostheses are reviewed in this article.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Implante Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico/tendências , Implante Coclear/tendências , Implantação de Prótese/tendências , Implantes Auditivos de Tronco Encefálico/tendências
10.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 22(4): 334-341, 2011. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-647644

RESUMO

Rhinoseptoplasty is a surgical procedure performed by otolaryngologists, that solves aesthetic and functional problems of the nose as a sole surgery. It can be performed as an open or closed approach either with or without the use of implants and or grafts. We hereby show a retrospective analysis of surgical protocols of patients on whom rhinoseptoplasty was done in our Unit during 2010. Epidemiological data, surgical techniques, surgical time, management of the tip and dorsum, grafts used and complications were analized. 111 rhinoseptoplasties were performed. 14 were excluded due to lack of information in the files. From 97 patients included in the study, 54 percent were female, mean age 29, and 46 percent were male, mean age 28 years. The 82 percent consulted for nasal obstruction. 95 percent were primary rhinoplasties. 54 percent were approached by open technique and 46 percent by closed technique. 73 percent needed nasal tip management, and in 94 percent nasal dorsum surgery was performed. Grafts were used in 84 percent of cases, being the columellar strut preferred by the surgeon. There were no complications recorded. We conclude that this surgery was performed in a homogeneous way, mostly in patients with nasal obstructive symptom. There was a predominance of primary surgery with an extensive use of grafts.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nariz/cirurgia , Rinoplastia/métodos , Chile , Cirurgia Plástica
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